Peeling the second layer of the onion, with respect to the (SemiSched-induced) frequency weakness on Thursday 16th October 2025

Already this morning, with respect to yesterday, we’ve highlighted the ‘Weakness in frequency stability on Thursday afternoon 16th October 2025’:

2025-10-16-WattClarity-GridFrequency-Part1

… highlighting four particular dispatch intervals in which there were (progressively worse) frequency disruptions through the afternoon.

 

Trending Aggregate Dispatch Error, by Fuel Type

Now, with the use of the ‘Trends Engine’ within ez2view I’ve trended an aggregate for calculated ‘Dispatch Error’ for each of the Fuel Types NEM-wide through the day, and highlighted each of these dispatch intervals:

2025-10-16-ez2view-Trend-DispatchError-byFuelType

Remember that:

  • Those with a licence to the software can open their own copy of this query here, and reset the date range to look at other days.
  • To see a larger-resolution version of the image, click on it.

It’s plain to see that:

1)  There’s a lengthy period through the afternoon where there is almost continuous collective (and large!) under-performance across all Semi-Scheduled Solar Farms NEM-wide.

(a)  which would map to positive Aggregate Raw Off-Target

(b)  and which would act to drag frequency down.

2)  Unfortunately in this case, this also maps with a similarly lengthy period through the afternoon where there is almost continuous collective (and large!) under-performance across all Semi-Scheduled Wind Farms NEM-wide.

(a)  again, mapping to positive Aggregate Raw Off-Target

(b)  and which would also act to drag frequency down.

So is it any wonder that frequency control was poor through the afternoon?

 

 

A closer look at four Dispatch Intervals

Specifically looking at those four dispatch intervals:

 

Dispatch Interval Frequency Trend Contributions (positive and negative)
13:35

During this dispatch interval (with the trips of YWPS3 and YWPS4):

We know that YWPS3 and YWPS4 contributed to a positive Dispatch Error of +415MW (i.e. harmful)

… but note that the total generation lost at those two units was ~600MW, meaning that other operational coal units provided a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of ~185MW

Other beneficial impacts were:

  • Wind, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -155MW
  • BESS, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -83MW
  • Solar, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -43MW

Thankfully at this time, no other fuel type had a (harmful) positive Dispatch Error (which will be the reason why frequency was brought under control so quickly).

15:10

During this dispatch interval, the frequency trended down, with the low point being 49.865Hz:

  • Lower than the one above
  • But (just) within the NOFB

Unfortunately, the combined effect of Semi-Scheduled VRE in this dispatch interval was quite harmful to frequency stability:

  • Across all Semi-Scheduled Solar Farms, a (harmful) positive Dispatch Error of +593MW (absolutely massive!)
  • Across all Semi-Scheduled Wind Farms, a (harmful) positive Dispatch Error of +272MW (also large)

What ‘saved the day’ (for those who liked to use the term), was:

    • Coal, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -432MW
    • BESS, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -429MW
    • Plus small (beneficial) contributions from Hydro (-33MW) and Gas (-26MW)

15:25

Approximately 15 minutes after the low point above, the frequency had rebounded (a little too far):

  • To 50.088Hz at 15:23:46
  • But within the NOFB

In this case we see:

  • Solar, with a (beneficial) positive Dispatch Error of +317MW
  • Coal, with a (beneficial) positive Dispatch Error of +49MW
  • Gas, with a (small but beneficial) positive Dispatch Error of +4MW

On the flip side, those dragging the frequency up (a little too far) were:

  • BESS, with a (harmful) negative Dispatch Error of -131MW
  • Hydro, with a (harmful) negative Dispatch Error of -130MW
  • Wind, with a (harmful) negative Dispatch Error of -37MW

16:50

During this dispatch interval, the frequency trended down, with the low point being 49.824Hz:

  • Lower than the one above
  • Outside the NOFB

Unfortunately, the combined effect of Semi-Scheduled VRE in this dispatch interval was even more harmful to frequency stability:

  • Across all Semi-Scheduled Solar Farms, a (harmful) positive Dispatch Error of +422MW (quite large!)
  • Across all Semi-Scheduled Wind Farms, a (harmful) positive Dispatch Error of +422MW (coincidentally the same large amount!)

What ‘saved the day’ (for those who liked to use the term), was:

  • BESS, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -465MW
  • Coal, with a (beneficial) negative Dispatch Error of -329MW
  • Plus small (beneficial) contributions from Hydro (-53MW) and Gas (-33MW)
  • Plus, I assume, Contingency FCAS would have triggered

 

How long do we have to keep writing about these instances before action is taken:

1)  e.g. via the AEMC, or the Nelson Review?

2)  Surely it’s becoming increasingly clear that the Semi-Scheduled category is not sustainable or scalable?!


About the Author

Paul McArdle
Paul was one of the founders of Global-Roam in February 2000. He is currently the CEO of the company and the principal author of WattClarity. Writing for WattClarity has become a natural extension of his work in understanding the electricity market, enabling him to lead the team in developing better software for clients. Before co-founding the company, Paul worked as a Mechanical Engineer for the Queensland Electricity Commission in the early 1990s. He also gained international experience in Japan, the United States, Canada, the UK, and Argentina as part of his ES Cornwall Memorial Scholarship.

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