Primary Frequency Response (PFR)

The boundary effect

NEM demand tragic and occasional WattClarity guest author Allan O'Neil drills into an apparent discrepancy in AEMO's demand calculations following the 1 July 2026 transition of the Basslink interconnector from MNSP market participant to Regulated status.




FPP-Reg-FCAS Recovery a year on: results and behaviours

In part three of this series, David Scott examines the first year of FPP-Reg-FCAS Recovery settlements, revealing which technologies paid and which were paid, and showing how semi-scheduled wind and solar farms, scheduled generators and batteries have each responded to the new incentives.


How MPFR, AGC and FPP-Reg-FCAS Recovery work together

In part two of this series, David Scott dives into AEMO's 4-second FPP data to show how dispatch errors are classified as good or bad, how Regulation FCAS usage is measured, and how these calculations translate into FPP payments and Reg-FCAS Recovery charges.



Semi-dispatch caps are loading the deviation dice

Following a growing number of articles on WattClarity about “VRE under-performance dragging frequency down”, guest author Allan O'Neil takes a look at how the one sided nature of the SDC plays a role - and suggests a possible action that would help.